Everything about Maurice Joly totally explained
Maurice Joly (
1829—
1878) was a
French satirist and
lawyer.
He was born in
Lons-le-Saunier to a
French father and an
Italian mother. He studied law, but stopped in
1849 in order to go to
Paris where he worked at the
Ministry of State for ten years. He successfully completed his legal studies and was finally admitted to the Paris bar in
1859.
His most famous work of fiction was the unattributed source material of the anti-Semitic forgery
Protocols of the Elders of Zion.
The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu
Joly is best known as author of the
political satire entitled
The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu (
Dialogue aux enfers entre Machiavel et Montesquieu), which attacks the political ambitions of
Napoleon III. It was first published in
Geneva in
1864, and then in
Brussels. The piece used the literary device of a
dialogue between two diabolical plotters in
Hell, the historical characters of
Machiavelli and
Montesquieu. In this way he tried to cover up a direct, and illegal, attack on Napoleon's rule. The pamphlets were smuggled into France for distribution, but were seized by the police immediately upon crossing the border. The police swiftly tracked down its author, and Joly was arrested and imprisoned for fifteen months. The books were banned. On
April 25,
1865, he was sentenced to a prison term of fifteen months at Sainte-Pélagie.
Joly relates in his
1870 autobiography that one evening by the
Seine he was inspired to write a dialogue between Montesquieu and Machiavelli. The noble baron Montesquieu would make the case for
liberalism; the
Florentine wizard Machiavelli would present the case for cynical
despotism. In this manner, Joly would communicate the secret ways in which liberalism might spawn a despot like Napoleon III.
Subsequent research points out that Joly appears to have plagiarized a good amount of the material from a popular novel by
Eugene Sue, namely
Les Mystères du peuple (1849-1856).
Joly committed suicide in
1879.
The Dialogue and The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
One of the few copies to survive the confiscation of Napoleon III’s secret police found its way to Switzerland, where it was picked up by the
Okhrana, the Russian secret police, and served as the basis for
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion.
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